Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 26: The Groundhog

Performer: LibriVox - Jude Somers


'The Timid Little Groundhog' from Among the Night People by Clara Dillingham Pierson

It was not often that the little Groundhogs were left alone in the daytime. Before they were born their mother had been heard to say that she had her opinion of any Groundhog who would be seen out after sunrise. Mr. Groundhog felt in the same way, and said if he ever got to running around by daylight, like some of his relatives, people might call him a Woodchuck. He thought that any one who ate twigs, beets, turnips, young tree-bark, and other green things from sunset to sunrise ought to be able to get along until the next sunset without a lunch. He said that any Groundhog who wanted more was a Pig.

After the baby Groundhogs were born, matters were different. They could not go out at night to feed for themselves, and their stomachs were so tiny and held so little at a time that they had to be filled very often. Mr. Groundhog was never at home now, and the care all fell upon his hard-working wife.

"You know, my dear," he had said, "that I should only be in the way if I were to stay at home, for I am not clever and patient with children as you are. No, I think I will go away and see to some matters which I have rather neglected of late. When the children are grown up and you have more time to give me, I will come back to you."

Then Mr. Groundhog trotted away to join a party of his friends who had just told their wives something of the same sort, and they all went together to the farmer's turnip patch and had a delightful time until morning. Mrs. Groundhog looked after him as he trotted away and wished that she could go too. He looked so handsome with the moonlight shining down on his long, thick, reddish fur, and showing the black streak on his back where the fur was tipped with gray. He was fat and shaky, with a baggy skin, and when he stopped to sit up on his haunches and wave his paws at her and comb his face-fur, she thought him just as handsome as he had been in the early spring when they first met. That had been in a parsnip patch where there was good feeding until the farmer found that the Groundhogs were there, and dug the rest of his vegetables and stored them in his cellar. Such midnight meals as they had eaten there together! Mrs. Groundhog said she never saw a parsnip afterward without thinking of their courtship.

She had been as handsome as he, and there were many other Groundhogs who admired her. But now she was thin and did not have many chances to comb her fur with her forepaws. She could not go with him to the turnip patch because she did not wish to go so far from her babies. Thinking of that reminded her to go into her sidehill burrow and see what they were doing. Then she lay down and let them draw the warm milk from her body. While they were feeding she felt of them, and thought how fast they were growing. It would be only a short time before they could trot around the fields by themselves and whistle shrilly as they dodged down into their own burrows. "Ah!" said she, "this is better than turnip patches or even parsnips."

When they had finished, their mother left them and went out to feed. She had always been a hearty eater, but now she had to eat enough more to make the milk for her babies. She often thought that if Groundhog babies could eat anything else their father might have learned to help feed them. She thought of this especially when she saw the Great Horned Owl carrying food home to his son and daughter. "It is what comes of being four-legged," said she, "and I wouldn't be an Owl for anything, so I won't grumble." After this she was more cheerful.

When she left the burrow she always said: "I am going out to feed, and I shall not be gone very long. Don't be afraid, for you have a good burrow, and it is nice and dark outside."

The children would cry: "And you will surely come home before sunrise?"

"Surely," she always answered as she trotted away. Then the children would rest happily in their burrow-nest.

But now Mrs. Groundhog was hungry, and it was broad daylight. She knew that it was because her children grew bigger every day and had to have more and more milk. This meant that she must eat more, or else when they wanted milk there would not be enough ready. She knew that she must begin to feed by day as well as by night, and she was glad that she could see fairly well if the sun were not shining into her eyes.

"Children," said she to them, just as they finished their morning lunch, "I am very hungry and I am going out to feed. You will be quite safe here and I want you to be good while I am gone."

The young Groundhogs began to cry and clutch at her fur with their weak little paws. "Oh, don't go," they said. "Please don't go. We don't want to stay alone in the daytime. We're afraid."

"I must," said she, "or I shall have no milk for you. And then, you wouldn't have me lie here all day too hungry to sleep, would you?"

"N-no," said they; "but you'll come back soon, won't you?"

"Yes," said she, and she shook off their clinging paws and poked back the daughter who caught on again, and trotted away as fast as she could. It was the first time that she had been out by daylight, and everything looked strange. The colors were too bright, and there seemed to be more noise than usual, and she met several people whom she had never seen before. She stopped for a minute to look at an Ovenbird's nest. The mother-bird was inside, sitting there very still and brave, although she was much frightened.

"Good morning," said Mrs. Groundhog. "I was just admiring your nest. I have never seen it by daylight."

"Good morning," answered the Ovenbird. "I'm glad you fancy my nest, but I hope you don't like to eat meat."

"Meat?" answered Mrs. Groundhog. "I never touch it." And she smiled and showed all her teeth.

"Oh," exclaimed the Ovenbird, "I see you don't, for you have gnawing-teeth, rather like those of the Rabbits." Then she hopped out of the nest and let Mrs. Groundhog peep in to see how the inside was finished and also to see the four speckled eggs which lay there.

"It is a lovely nest," said Mrs. Groundhog, "and those eggs are beauties. But I promised the children that I would hurry. Goodbye." She trotted happily away, while Mrs. Ovenbird settled herself upon her eggs again and thought what a pleasant call she had had and what an excellent and intelligent person Mrs. Groundhog was!

All this time the children at home were talking together about themselves and what their mother had told them. Once there was a long pause which lasted until the brother said: "I'm not afraid, are you?"

"Of course not," said they.

"Because there isn't anything to be afraid of," said he.

"Not anything," said they.

"And I wouldn't be afraid anyway," said he.

"Neither would we," answered the sisters.

There was another long pause.

"She said we'd be just as safe as if it were dark," said the big sister.

"Of course," said the brother.

"And she said she'd come back as soon as she could," said the second sister.

"I wish she'd come now," said the smallest sister.

There was another long pause.

"You don't suppose anybody would come here just to scare us, do you?" asked the second sister.

"See here," said the brother, "I wish you'd quit saying things to make a fellow afraid."

"You don't mean that you are frightened!" exclaimed the three sisters together. And the smallest one added: "Why, you are, too! I can feel you tremble."

"Well, I don't care," said the brother. "I'm not afraid of people, anyhow. If it were only dark I wouldn't mind."

"Oh, are you afraid of the daylight too?" cried each of the sisters. "So am I!" Then they all trembled together.

"I tell you what let's do," said the smallest sister. "Let's all stop looking toward the light end of the burrow, and cuddle up together and cover our eyes and make believe it's night." They did this and felt better. They even played that they heard the few noises of the nighttime. A Crow cawed outside, and the brother said, "Did you hear that Owl? That was the Great Horned Owl, the one who had to hatch the eggs, you know."

When another Crow cawed, the smallest sister said, "Was that his cousin, the Screech Owl?"

"Yes," answered the big sister. "He is the one who used to bring things for the Great Horned Owl to eat."

So they amused themselves and each other, and really got along very well except when, once in a while, they opened their eyes a little crack to see if it were not getting really dark. Then they had to begin all over again. At last their mother came, and what a comfort it was! How glad she was to be back, and how much she had to tell them! All about the Ovenbird's nest and the four eggs in it, and how the Ovenbirds spent their nights in sleeping and their days in work and play.

"I wonder if the little Ovenbirds will be scared when they have to stay alone in the daytime?" said the smallest sister.

"They would be more scared if they had to stay alone at night," said their mother.

"At night!" exclaimed all the young Groundhogs. "Why, it is dark then!"

"They might be afraid of the darkness," said their mother. Then the children laughed and thought she was making fun of them. They drank some milk and went to sleep like good little Groundhogs, but even after he was half asleep the big brother laughed out loud at the thought of the Ovenbird babies being scared at night. He could understand any one's being afraid of daylight, but darkness——!

    Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 26: The Groundhog

Performer: LibriVox - Jude Somers

Directions

Study the lesson for one week.

Over the week:

  • Read the story.
  • Review the animal synopsis.
  • Study the vocabulary words.
  • Learn the concepts.
  • Complete the enrichment activities.
  • Study the review questions.

Synopsis

Groundhogs, also known as woodchucks, dig tunnels and burrows under the earth. Groundhogs are mammals like chipmunks, but are larger, plumper, and have dark brown shaggy fur. Groundhogs are rodents and considered large squirrels. Groundhogs keep mostly to the ground, but are adept swimmers and can climb trees to reach fruit or escape predators. Groundhogs engineer their burrows so that they don't flood in times of rain. Groundhogs accomplish this flood-proofing by digging down with their sharp claws and then slanting back upwards before hollowing out their burrows and lining them with soft grasses. Groundhogs also make sure to dig multiple backdoors to their burrow for easy escape. Groundhogs love to eat grasses, clover, fruit, and crops. They eat early and late in the day and take a nice siesta during midday. People, foxes, and dogs are groundhog predators. When encountering predators, groundhogs run straight for their burrows and disappear into the earth. Groundhogs are rumored to enjoy music, even joining in with the singing on occasion. Baby woodchucks, called 'chucklings' are born in spring, between March and May.

Vocabulary

Woodchuck: A North American marmot, also known as a groundhog, with a heavy body and short legs.
Flood: An overflowing of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, especially over what is normally dry land.
Hollow (verb): Form by making a hole.
Chuckling: A baby woodchuck.
Chuck: To throw.
Tongue Twister: A sequence of words or sounds, typically of an alliterative kind, that are difficult to pronounce quickly and correctly, as, for example, tie twine to three tree twigs.

Concepts

Groundhog Q & A

  1. What is 'Groundhog Day?' People in the United States celebrate 'Groundhog Day' on February second. The legend is that on this day the groundhog will emerge from its burrow. If the sun is shining and the groundhog sees its shadow, the groundhog will be scared back into its burrow, and this indicates there will be six more long weeks of winter.
  2. Do groundhogs have teeth? Yes, groundhogs have prominent teeth that never stop growing.
  3. Do groundhogs have ears? Yes, groundhogs have small round ears and good hearing.
  4. Do groundhogs make sounds? Yes, groundhogs make grunts, growls, and whistling noises.
  5. Do groundhogs have claws? Yes, groundhogs have sharp claws for digging their burrows and defending against predators.
  6. How do groundhogs dig their burrows? Groundhogs loosen the earth with their front legs and kick the earth out of their burrow with their hind legs.
  7. Can woodchucks actually chuck wood? Despite the tongue twister (see Activity 3), woodchucks cannot chuck wood.

Enrichment

Activity 1: Narrate the Story

  • After reading or listening to the story, narrate the story events aloud using your own words.

Activity 2: Watch the Video

  • Watch the video of a groundhog standing on its hind legs to survey the area.

Activity 3: Classify the Animal

  • Groundhogs are animals, vertebrates, and mammals.
  • Trace which categories groundhogs fit into on the classification chart.

Activity 4: Say the Tongue Twister

  • Say the tongue twister 5 times - 'How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?'

Activity 5: Color and Label a Groundhog   

  • Click the crayon above. Complete page 54 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Activity 6: Take a Nature Walk

Take a nature walk in the woods, locate a groundhog or other animal to observe, gather data and notes, and use that information to create a field book entry. You may wish to take a pencil and a small notebook to jot down sketches and observations. If you can't find a groundhog, you may make a sketch based on the video of the groundhog in Activity 2.

Before you take the nature walk, review:

  • The field book template you'll later complete on page 55 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'
  • The suggested list of observations below.

Behavioral observations include:

  • How does the groundhog breathe?
  • How does the groundhog move?
  • How does the groundhog eat?
  • What does the groundhog eat?

Habitat observations include:

  • Does the groundhog live in a forest, a field, a town, or near water?
  • In what type of climate does the groundhog live (e.g. temperate, tropical, arid, arctic)?
  • In what type of house does the groundhog live?

Appearance observations include:

  • What colors are the fur?
  • What colors are the eyes?
  • What do the nose, paws, and legs look like?

Activity 7: Complete a Field Book Entry   

  • Click the crayon above. After your nature walk, complete page 55 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Review

Question 1

What is the difference between woodchucks and groundhogs?
1 / 8

Answer 1

There is no difference. They are the same animal.
1 / 8

Question 2

Can woodchucks really chuck wood?
2 / 8

Answer 2

No, woodchucks cannot throw wood. 'Woodchuck' is a bit of a misnomer (inaccurate name).
2 / 8

Question 3

Can groundhogs swim and climb trees?
3 / 8

Answer 3

Yes, groundhogs can swim and climb trees.
3 / 8

Question 4

Why might groundhogs chew hard things such as roots?
4 / 8

Answer 4

Groundhogs chew hard things to trim their teeth, which constantly grow.
4 / 8

Question 5

What is a 'chuckling?'
5 / 8

Answer 5

A chuckling is a baby groundhog.
5 / 8

Question 6

How many paths lead to groundhogs' burrows?
6 / 8

Answer 6

Typically, at least three, one entrance and two or more backdoors.
6 / 8

Question 7

Contrast how groundhogs look during fall versus spring.
7 / 8

Answer 7

Groundhogs hibernate and do not eat much during the winter. In the fall, they are plump. In the spring, they are thinner.
7 / 8

Question 8

Do you think groundhogs' feet are webbed? Why or why not?
8 / 8

Answer 8

Groundhogs' feet are not webbed, because they are optimized for digging, not swimming.
8 / 8

  1. What is the difference between woodchucks and groundhogs? There is no difference. They are the same animal.
  2. Can woodchucks really chuck wood? No, woodchucks cannot throw wood. 'Woodchuck' is a bit of a misnomer (inaccurate name).
  3. Can groundhogs swim and climb trees? Yes, groundhogs can swim and climb trees.
  4. Why might groundhogs chew hard things such as roots? Groundhogs chew hard things to trim their teeth, which constantly grow.
  5. What is a 'chuckling?' A chuckling is a baby groundhog.
  6. How many paths lead to groundhogs' burrows? Typically, at least three, one entrance and two or more backdoors.
  7. Contrast how groundhogs look during fall versus spring. Groundhogs hibernate and do not eat much during the winter. In the fall, they are plump. In the spring, they are thinner.
  8. Do you think groundhogs' feet are webbed? Why or why not? Groundhogs' feet are not webbed, because they are optimized for digging, not swimming.

References

  1. Comstock, Anna Botsford. Handbook of nature-study (Twenty-fourth edition). Ithaca, New York Comstock Publishing Company, Inc, 1911.
  2. 'Groundhog.' Wikipedia. Wikipedia.org. n.p.